Article: A REVIEW ON EFFECTS OF VARIOUS PROCESSES ON MINERALS AND METALS OF THERAPEUTIC IMPORTANCE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SHODHAN AND MARANA IN AYURVEDA AND UNANI SYSTEMS OF MEDICINE

Article Category: Review articles

DOI: 10.7897/2277-4343.16256

Pages: 127-133

Author: Sharma DK *, Karunanidhi Sharma, Shamma, Amanullah Haji

Abstract: Traditional systems of medicine like Ayurveda and Unani have utilized metals and minerals for their potent therapeutic properties for centuries. These systems emphasize the use of a diverse range of substances, including metals like gold, silver, iron, and mercury, as well as minerals such as arsenic, sulfur, and mica. Their therapeutic applications, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and rejuvenative effects, are achieved through meticulous processes such as Shodhan (purification) and Marana (calcination) in Ayurveda and Tasfiya (purification) and Tadbir (processing) in Unani medicine. These procedures transform raw, often toxic materials into safe, bioavailable forms suitable for medicinal use by removing impurities, enhancing therapeutic properties, and ensuring safety. The processes include heating, quenching, grinding, and treating with herbal decoctions, which detoxify and stabilize the substances while reducing particle size to improve bioavailability. These ancient methods, documented in branches like Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana in Ayurveda and Ilmul Saidla in Unani, reflect a sophisticated understanding of drug formulation. Modern scientific techniques such as XRD, HPTLC, ICP-MS, and SEM now complement these traditional practices, ensuring consistency and efficacy in therapeutic applications. This review explores the historical and scientific underpinnings of these methods, focusing on their role in transforming natural resources into effective medicines. By integrating traditional wisdom with modern validation, Ayurveda and Unani systems continue to provide relevant and innovative healthcare solutions, underscoring their enduring significance in contemporary medicine.

Keyword: ashastra, Bhasma, Kustha, Ayurveda.